c++ exception: 2010

Monday, May 24, 2010

How to shutdown windows using a java program??

I had an idea is to run the shutdown exe:

public class shutdown

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

try

{

Runtime rt =Runtime.getRuntime();

String s = "C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\shutdown.exe -s-t- 01";

Process p =rt.exec(s);

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

ex.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

but nothing happen I don't get an error but the computer don't shutdown please if somebody know how please help

How to shutdown windows using a java program??
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c shutdown -r -f");
Reply:Java is for applets embedded in html

just push the reset on front of your computer or unplug it and plug it back in and pust start button on the front of your computer

I cant help u out much more than that

dont really know what u r doing in that ?
Reply:I think C++ might be a better language to do that

Sending Emails through vb.net?

Dim MMsg As MailMessage = New MailMessage

MMsg.BodyEncoding = Encoding.Default

MMsg.From = "asdf@hotmail.com"

MMsg.To = "test@gmail.com"

MMsg.Subject = "Email with Subject Demo"

MMsg.Body = "This is the main body of the email"

MMsg.Priority = MailPriority.High

MMsg.BodyFormat = MailFormat.Html

System.Web.Mail.SmtpMail.SmtpServer = "127.0.0.1"

System.Web.Mail.SmtpMail.Send(MMsg)

lblmsg.Text = "Message sent successfully!"

This code successfully run no exception occurs but mails are not being recived on the TO Address and mails are still in the folder ie,"C:\Inetpub\mailroot\Queue". how to solve it

Sending Emails through vb.net?
I'm guessing you have a problem with your sending server, I don't think the problem is in this code (some parts of it are elipsed, so I can't say for sure, but it looks right). If the messages are in the queue then I would say the server is not sending them.
Reply:I think that your problem is that your server is not configured yet.You see "System.Web.Mail.SmtpMail.SmtpS... = "127.0.0.1"", taht means that you use as smtp server your local server, 127.0.0.1 is the local server's IP.I don-t know how you can configure this server on windows servers but I sugest you to use google.there you must find something
Reply:reinstall your windows or linux.I`m sure you are virused%26gt;%26gt;

Neg. HPT. still feeling light symptoms, only spotted on 2 day late period. could i be preg? need help?

i know right away most of you are going to say 'retest in a couple of days'. i just need to know the likelyhood for a friend of mine. her symptoms were similar to that of her second pregnancy. she's concerned about pre-ejac. during her fertile time. she's never been late on her period (with an obvious exception of pregnancy) in the past 13 years she's had it. she is highly stressed, but has been in similarly stressful positions before. i don't think she could be b/c if she's feeling symptoms, she would pop positive. the light spotting (light pink) indicates implantation bleeding to me, and in that case she wouldn't have symptoms for another 2 days. it's confusing... this is why i'm asking for your advice. so please don't jump to the regular "OMGeeeeeeee, am i Prege!?!?!?" answers.... this isn't that kind of question. and i've already told her to retest if her period is a no-show by friday. but i'm curious of the liklihood. thanks!

Neg. HPT. still feeling light symptoms, only spotted on 2 day late period. could i be preg? need help?
I have had 2 negative HPT and still have all the classic symptoms of pregnancy. I have a dr. appt. tomorrow for blood testing. The thing about the HPT is that it only measures the amount of the pregnancy hormone in your urine. This is different for every woman and different stages of pregnancy and even varies in levels throughout the day. The number one cause of false negatives in HPT's is testing to early. So your friend should take another test and period is still a no show and she is still having pregnancy-like symptoms should go in for a blood test.

salary survey

Vb.net remoting?

Hi!,

I am developing a chat system using vb.net in vs 2005. I am getting the following error while registering the events.

error details: System.InvalidOperationException was unhandled

Message="An error occurred creating the form. See Exception.InnerException for details. The error is: Type System.DelegateSerializationHolder and the types derived from it (such as System.DelegateSerializationHolder) are not permitted to be deserialized at this security level."

Source="ChatApplication"

StackTrace:

at ChatApplication.My.MyProject.MyForms.Cre... Instance) in 17d14f5c-a337-4978-8281-53493378c1071.vb... 190

at ChatApplication.My.MyProject.MyForms.get...

at ChatApplication.Client.Main() in C:\tests\chatSol\ChatApplication\Client.... 8

at System.AppDomain.nExecuteAssembly(Assemb... assembly, String[] args)

at System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args)

at Microsof

Vb.net remoting?
anyway to put the code here so I can look at it?

What do you think about an off season stock car series?

...Let the drivers take any stock American car made between 1950 and 1980 and let them build their own stock cars with engines lower than 300 c.i. and race them on a few tracks, Maybe have a race every two weeks

...Bring back the Pontiac (Trans Am), the old Mustangs, maybe the 55 Chevys, and the old Plymouth Road Runners (etc). They would have to keep the cars body shape in original non modified shape (exception would be removing lights and things that would leave debris on the track).

...How well do you think this would go over as compaired to Nascar provided the drivers were all current Nascar drivers driving their own personal choice of hotrods?

What do you think about an off season stock car series?
I wouldnt mind seeing it. I dont know if you could get enough good drivers to do it. Another thing they would have to battle is the weather, they let them use snow chains.
Reply:i just want all year around irac and nascar (how that)
Reply:Alot of the Nascar Guys run some late model on dirt tracks. But I dont see them risking life and limb for a $200.00 to win First Prize. They make 200.00 an hour off interest on their Bank Accounts!!!!!!
Reply:The cars you describe, are the Charger Division at my local Short track. There are still Stock divisions. Move to a warn and active region and you can find Winter Heats that have local racing. Wasn't profitable here I guess, so there is very limited racing in the winter season here.
Reply:Sounds like every saturday night at alot of tracks around the nation. It sounds awsome I enjoy it every week.
Reply:Run winter races at Daytona as a "senior" tour, all the retired drivers will be living in Florida anyway
Reply:cool idea
Reply:Taco......!

You grew another head.
Reply:There are some parts of the country that has winter racing..In Az and some parts of Calif.. Come on Nascar fans, our guys give us Feb thru Nov, thats 36 weekends of racing...They need some time off to be with there families and friends..and get ready for the next season... I'm having Nascar withdrawl syndrome right now...but I keep telling myself 84 days till Daytona 500, is not that far off.. We just got over Thanksgiving, next is Christmas, then New Yrs...then Daytona is just around the corner....

Go Dale Jr %26amp; Hms in 2008
Reply:hmmmm ?
Reply:First of all we need a race channel that isn't run by NA$CAR. When that happens then maybe it will be worth the time but trust me on this there are many series around the world that we don't get to see as it is because we have a lame *** race channel called SPEED. What you see today on SPEED is not what made the famous as The Speed Channel. If you were a fan of racing you maybe able to remember when you came home from work and done with dinner or supper you could turn the TV on to the Speed Channel and watch racing. Try it today my friend. What you get now you can find on just about any discovery channel or old movie channel.

I doubt if I would watch it but I am sure there are a bunch of brainwashed NA$CAR fans that would. I am so un into NA$CAR right now but love racing I thought you were going to try some sort of non NASCrap thing until I read what your other question was about.
Reply:I'm all for it, throw some snow tires on them babies and let's go racin!
Reply:I would like it

survey

Looking to buy a nice used car for under $25,000 with decent mileage... your 2 cents will help!!?

So far, my prefernces are:

1. Acura TL w/ Navi ( model 2004 -2007)

2. Jaguar X-Type (2004-2007)

3. BMW 3 Series (2006...if lucky enough to find)

4. Mercedes Benz C Class (2005-2007)

5. Acura TSX (2004 - 2007)

6. Mazda RX8 (2004-2007)

I guess you figured that I'm looking for a luxury sport car. Mazda RX8 being the only exception. I just wanted a broader input... any suggestions and POV will be appreciated.

Thanks!

Looking to buy a nice used car for under $25,000 with decent mileage... your 2 cents will help!!?
you seem to like acura(which is made by honda). just to let you know, jaguar and mazda is now made by ford so i'd eliminate those from the list because ford is very unreliable. the c-class and the 3 series are way too small for a luxury car so i'd get rid of those too. so your left wit the acuras. TL is a bit bigger and more fun to drive. so that is what i recommend.

if u are looking for any other cars, i highly recommend the infiniti G35 (probably a '04 or '05) i dont have one but my uncle has one and its fun just to ride in it
Reply:It is foolish to go for a luxury car if you are on a budget. There are any number of Toyotas, Hondas, and other inexpensive brands that will give you far more car for your money. Check Consumers Reports for detailed ratings.
Reply:I would suggest all of these. All very good brands. I, or my family, has owned all of these, but Mazda.
Reply:Hi Ahmed,

We are from GLOBAL NET INTERNATIONAL (SINGAPORE) PTE.LTD car export company.

please Visit our website to choose your used cars http://www.globalnet.com.sg .We got snapshots of all the cars available. as for your we have mercedez benz C,S,A,E classes, BMW ,

Email me to: shifan@globalnet.com.sg

Provide us the following details:

1. Model of the cars(BMW 318iA, 520,728,Benz E200,320,Toyota.......ect)

2. Year of the cars (1995-2000,2000-2005........)

3.shipping port

Our payment method is 100% TT before the shipment.

Please feel free to contact us.

waiting for your reply.

Best regards,

Shifan

Sales and marketing

Global Net International (Singapore) Pte.Ltd

Mobile: +6581803292 / 90426959

+6562252042

Fax:+6563965119

www.globalnet.com.sg
Reply:Get a look here

http://www.toponegoods.com/car
Reply:personally the jaguar xtype aslong as it is a 3.0 it is faster than any of those up there plus it is allwheel drive asfar as ford owning them ford bought the company but a jag is still a jag, daimler bought mercedes but a chrysler is no benz so do the math as far as the 3 series beamer 2005 and up fat chance at 25 grand and as far as the c class only if it is a kompressor i own an xtype 2005 and a c320 kompressor and i like my jag much more in looks and power but as far as the rest i would forget the 2 rice burnners and the mazda , hey look either way you go with jag, benz or beamer you join a european lifestyle and you cant go wrong there
Reply:Seems like your a vain guy, all those cars you listed are quite boring and pointless but attempt to look like you make some money.

Id go with the 1987 cougar. Spacious and economic. Ideal

What does this mean? I'm trying to play pogo...And how do i fix it asap!?

An unexpected error has been detected by HotSpot Virtual Machine:

#

# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x6d6f2bf9, pid=188, tid=2672

#

# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (1.5.0_09-b03 mixed mode, sharing)

# Problematic frame:

# C 0x6d6f2bf9

What does this mean? I'm trying to play pogo...And how do i fix it asap!?
You need the latest version of JAVA for Pogo, I know, I'm a member, Pogo is FUN! :)

Go here and download and install the latest version of Java:

http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp

Java Virtual Machine is ooolllldddd, and no longer supported I believe.
Reply:ur computer doesn't support something that pogo is tring to run ur computer might be too old or newer and just not up to date on the software that the web-site needs to run on.

Chemical families?

with the exception of the transition elements,groups 3-12 in the periodic table,and the noble gases,group 18, atomic radii_________within periods,while atomic radii_________within groups

A.increase,decrese

B.decrease,increase

C.increase,remain roughly constant

D.decrease,remain roughly constant

Chemical families?
the answer is B

the atomic radii decrease down the period as the nuclear charge increases.This is due to the adding of elctrons to the valence shell and protons to the nucleus.

atomic radii increase down the group as the screening effect increases.

OR from left to right of a period, the number of protons in nucleus increases,hence increases the power of nucleus holding on to the electrons .Hence the atomic radii decreases.

when going down a group,the number of shells increases.The distance between valence shell and nucleus is wider hence it is harder for nucleus to hold tight to the valence shell down a group
Reply:cool. i had to know this last chapter. I'm pretty sure its B. The the atoms get smaller moving from left to right across each period, and get larger going down a group.

Concerning Human Growth Hormone and Height?

I’m posting this question again, verbatim in the hopes that I get some better answers.

Please try to address my specific questions as opposed to offering other insight.

I am male, if that isn’t already implied.

{I will turn 16 on the 8th of September, 2007

I am 5' 6 tall and weigh about 145 lbs

Height has always been a sensitive issue in my eyes and I can understand its importance because of how it is perceived by society.

Suffice it to say that I don't want to stay 5' 6 for one reason or another.

I have looked into other methods for height increase and found that most, if not all are ineffective, with the exception of the "limb lengthening procedure" and "human growth hormone," respectively.

Just judging from a cursory glance, the first of these two would not be feasible.

That leaves Human Growth Hormone. Human Growth Hormone

is available in oral sprays, pills, and injections.

Essentially, only the injections work.

I have about $10,000 to spare offhand.

I have been reading prudently and found that HGH by injection, the cost that is, ranges from "$10,000 - $18,000

I don't quite understand the discrepancy. Nonetheless, I am willing to bear any discomfort or inconvenience if that is the issue at hand.

It is required that the epiphyseal plates be open for HGH to work properly, in increasing height gains in adolescents

In a nutshell I have three potential problems.

a)Do I have enough money to pay for the treatment ($10,000 no more, no less)?

b)Have my growth plates closed?

c)Supposing that cost and eligibility don’t pose an issue and I reach the treatment stage, about how much could I be expected to grow and what might be my final height?

Thanks for your help, it is greatly appreciated.}

Concerning Human Growth Hormone and Height?
It seems as you have done your homework well. These are all valid concerns and really should be discussed with a qualified physician who can examine you and find out your complete medical history firsthand.

A simple x-ray can tell you if your growth plates have fused. Cost of hGH varies from doctor to doctor and geographical location.

How much you can expect to grow is hard to tell without a complete history and examination.

Good luck. :)
Reply:If you are still within the growing age then perhaps you can add a few inches by eating a balanced diet and leading an active life. A nutritious diet that includes fruits and vegetables, dairy, cereals, meat, and plenty of water will aid the natural process for enhancing height. A good and proper night’s sleep is also essential for the growth process. Taking part in active sports along with some stretching exercises can have a cumulative effect on human growth. There is not much we can do to grow taller after puberty. There are many products in the market today that claim to increase height of adults, but they are all scams without sufficient scientific evidence. Surgical options, though available, are EXTREMELY RISKY and of course expensive. This leaves us with basically two options.

1. Stretching Exercises: - These exercises will help you improve your posture. You’ll be surprised that how much of “Height” is hidden behind your slouched back. You can, at any age, add an inch or two of height by simply improving your posture. Follow the link below for information on specific height enhancing exercises:

http://walktallshoes.com/grow-taller-exe...

2. Second, you can create a “Taller” effect by following some smart fashion techniques. You can easily add another inch or two of “illusionary height” by improving your dress coordination. The link below can provide some input on height increase through fashion effect:

http://www.walktallshoes.com/how-to-dres...

Good luck

land survey

When do babies go from two naps to one nap?

I was just wondering when most babies make this transition. I don't think my 10.5m old is ready yet b/c he gets tired within 3 hours of waking +/- 30min. Plus he usually goes right down with the exception of a couple times he'll talk for a while. But today he refused his morning nap, but he was just diagnosed with and ear infection yesterday and is not feeling good. I'm thinking this is why he didn't want to lay down.

When do babies go from two naps to one nap?
it really depends on the child, my oldest went to one nap a day when he was around 16 months, my youngest is still on 2 naps a day and he's 16 months. it also depends on their daily schedule.
Reply:Usually around 18 months.
Reply:my daughter is almost 11 months and sleeps at lunch and then goes to bed at 7 and she has one nap
Reply:my daughter is 11 months she has one nap of 2 hours around 11am-1pm,then bed at 7. this started just a couple of weeks ago. tho she isnt losing her sleep bcos she used to sleep for an hour at 11am-12pm then have another hour at 4-5pm then bed at 8, she jus does it in one nap rather then 2
Reply:My Son took two naps a day woke up at 6am nap from 8-10 then another nap from 2-4 then went to bed for the night at 6pm...Starting at 15months he is still on the 6am-6pm schedule but takes one nap from 10am-12pm

Hello Sir,This is archana.i am mca fresher in chennai i want the deatail of placement week in all companie?

hello sir,

i am archana.and i want c++ interview question with answer.and i want about pointer. why pointers are not used in java. static,exception with answer

Thaking you

archana

Hello Sir,This is archana.i am mca fresher in chennai i want the deatail of placement week in all companie?
Hi archana,

CSC(computer sciences corporation) is conducting walkins for freshers with 65 % marks in all . you can apply at indaicareers@csc.com , mteppala@csc.com (HR manager csc india).

or you ca send me the resume kishore.konduri@gmail.com sub: csc and about c++ u can download it from freshersworld.com

best of luck.

kishore.
Reply:I am also from Chennai.. and I work for an IT Training company..I m sure the college where you studied would have organised for Campus interviews..Apart from this , I am not aware of any placement week..

Sorry I am not able to answer your question on c++.You couldd refer the book published by Tata Mcgrawhill..

All the best!

Molecular compounds are usually ___?

A composed of two or more nonmetallic elements

B exceptions to the law of definite proportions

C composed of two or more transition elements

D composed of positive and negative ions

Which of the following compounds contains the lead II ion

A pb2O

B PbCl4

C PbO

D Pb2S

Molecular compounds are usually ___?
A

C
Reply:1 - A.

2 - C.

Filing Taxes Wrong?

My oldest child is 3, for those years prior, I have never received over $4,000 for our refund. I've always done my taxes myself. This year I filed through Tax Cut. I am getting well over $5,000. IF I am filing the exact same as other years with the only exception is the following, how is it I'm getting more now?

1) I did not itemize b/c it said I didnt need to (so I didnt claim my daycare expenses that were $7,640.00)

2) I had my son last year so I did get a tax credit for a new baby

3) I filled out everything it asked (which was very easy), paid and printed.

Filing Taxes Wrong?
Having the other child gave you more for the child tax credit. You dont need to itemize to claim your daycare expenses. There is a line for that on the form. I would suggest that you do an ammended return and claim your daycare.
Reply:Try to find previous copies of tax cut or turbo tax and re do your tax return(up to three years). If there is a difference scroll down to amended tax return 1040x and refile.

survey software

I have 2 matrices (2X3) and (3X2). i need conditions so that when i multiply them, i dont get the identity.?

the conditions need to be set on the matrices so that when i multiply them, i dont get the identity matrix. i dont need like one exception. i need something that works for every case.

the matrices are:

A is 2x3

A= [a b c

d e f ]

B is 3x2

B= [g h

i j

k l ]

I have 2 matrices (2X3) and (3X2). i need conditions so that when i multiply them, i dont get the identity.?
AB =

[ ag+bi+ck ah+bj+cl

dg+ei+fk dh+fj+el ]

The identity is

[ 1 0

0 1 ]

So you have four conditions:

ag+bi+ck %26lt;%26gt; 1

ah+bj+cl %26lt;%26gt; 0

dg+ei+fk %26lt;%26gt; 0

dh+fj+el %26lt;%26gt; 1
Reply:A = [ a b c ]

. . . .[ d e f ]

B = [ g h ]

. . . .[ i j ]

. . . .[k l ]

AB = [ ag + bi + ck ah + bj + cl ]

. . . . . [ dg + ei + fk dh + ej + fl ]

In order for this not to be the identity matrix

ag + bi + ck != 1

ah + bj + cl != 0

dg + ei + fk != 0

fh + ej + fl != 1

Where "!=" means "not equal".

They can be generated infinitely.
Reply:its simple !!!!!!!!

n mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular table of numbers or, more generally, a table consisting of abstract quantities that can be added and multiplied. Matrices are used to describe linear equations, keep track of the coefficients of linear transformations and to record data that depend on two parameters. Matrices can be added, multiplied, and decomposed in various ways, making them a key concept in linear algebra and matrix theory.

In this article, the entries of a matrix are real or complex numbers unless otherwise noted.

Organization of a matrix

Organization of a matrix

Contents

[hide]

* 1 Definitions and notations

* 2 Example

* 3 Adding and multiplying matrices

o 3.1 Sum

o 3.2 Scalar multiplication

o 3.3 Matrix multiplication

* 4 Linear transformations, ranks and transpose

* 5 Square matrices and related definitions

* 6 Special types of matrices

* 7 Matrices in abstract algebra

* 8 History

* 9 Applications

o 9.1 Encryption

o 9.2 Computer graphics

* 10 Further reading

* 11 See also

* 12 References

* 13 External links

[edit] Definitions and notations

The horizontal lines in a matrix are called rows and the vertical lines are called columns. A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m-by-n matrix (written m \times n) and m and n are called its dimensions. The dimensions of a matrix are always given with the number of rows first, then the number of columns. It is commonly said that an m-by-n matrix has an order of m \times n (order meaning size).

Almost always capital letters are used to denote matrices with the corresponding lower case letter with two indices representing the entries. For example the entry of a matrix A that lies in the i-th row and the j-th column is written as ai,j and called the i,j entry or (i,j)-th entry of A. Alternative notations for that entry are A[i,j] or Ai,j. The row is always noted first, then the column.

We often write A:=(a_{i,j})_{i=1,\ldots,m;j=1,\ldots,n} or A:=(a_{i,j})_{m \times n} to define an m \times n matrix A. In this case the entries ai,j are defined separately for all integers 1\le i \le m and 1\le j \le n. In some programming languages the numbering of rows and colums starts at zero. Texts, which make use of such a language extensively, frequently follow that convention, so we have 0\le i \le m-1 and 0\le j \le n-1.

A matrix where one of the dimensions equals one is often called a vector, and interpreted as an element of real coordinate space. An m \times 1 matrix (one column and m rows) is called a column vector and an 1 \times n matrix (one row and n columns) is called a row vector.

[edit] Example

The matrix

A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 %26amp; 2 %26amp; 3 \\ 1 %26amp; 2 %26amp; 7 \\ 4%26amp;9%26amp;2 \\ 6%26amp;0%26amp;5\end{bmatrix} or A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 %26amp; 2 %26amp; 3 \\ 1 %26amp; 2 %26amp; 7 \\ 4%26amp;9%26amp;2 \\ 6%26amp;0%26amp;5 \end{pmatrix}

is a 4\times 3 matrix. The element a2,3 or A[2,3] is 7.

The matrix

R = \begin{bmatrix} 1 %26amp; 2 %26amp; 3 %26amp; 4 %26amp; 5 %26amp; 6 %26amp; 7 %26amp; 8 %26amp; 9 \end{bmatrix}

is a 1\times 9 matrix, or 9-element row vector.

[edit] Adding and multiplying matrices

[edit] Sum

Main article: Matrix addition

Two or more matrices of identical dimensions m and n can be added. Given m-by-n matrices A and B, their sum A + B is the m-by-n matrix computed by adding corresponding elements (i.e. A+B= (a_{i,j})_{1\le i \le m; 1\le j \le n} + (b_{i,j})_{1\le i \le m; 1\le j \le n} = (a_{i,j}+b_{i,j})_{1\le i \le m; 1\le j \le n} ). For example:

\begin{bmatrix} 1 %26amp; 3 %26amp; 2 \\ 1 %26amp; 0 %26amp; 0 \\ 1 %26amp; 2 %26amp; 2 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 0 %26amp; 0 %26amp; 5 \\ 7 %26amp; 5 %26amp; 0 \\ 2 %26amp; 1 %26amp; 1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1+0 %26amp; 3+0 %26amp; 2+5 \\ 1+7 %26amp; 0+5 %26amp; 0+0 \\ 1+2 %26amp; 2+1 %26amp; 2+1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 %26amp; 3 %26amp; 7 \\ 8 %26amp; 5 %26amp; 0 \\ 3 %26amp; 3 %26amp; 3 \end{bmatrix}

Another, much less often used notion of matrix addition is the direct sum.

[edit] Scalar multiplication

Main article: Matrix multiplication

Given a matrix A and a number c, the scalar multiplication cA is computed by multiplying every element of A by the scalar c (i.e. (cA)_{i,j} = c \cdot a_{i,j} ). For example:

2 \cdot \begin{bmatrix} 1 %26amp; 8 %26amp; -3 \\ 4 %26amp; -2 %26amp; 5 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 2 \cdot 1 %26amp; 2\cdot 8 %26amp; 2\cdot -3 \\ 2\cdot 4 %26amp; 2\cdot -2 %26amp; 2\cdot 5 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 2 %26amp; 16 %26amp; -6 \\ 8 %26amp; -4 %26amp; 10 \end{bmatrix}

Matrix addition and scalar multiplication turn the set \text{M}(m,n,\mathbb{R}) of all m-by-n matrices with real entries into a real vector space of dimension m\cdot n.

[edit] Matrix multiplication

Main article: Matrix multiplication

Multiplication of two matrices is well-defined only if the number of columns of the left matrix is the same as the number of rows of the right matrix. If A is an m-by-n matrix and B is an n-by-p matrix, then their matrix product AB is the m-by-p matrix given by:

(AB)_{i,j} = a_{i,1} b_{1,j} + a_{i,2} b_{2,j} + \ldots + a_{i,n} b_{n,j}

for each pair (i,j).

For example:

\begin{bmatrix} 1 %26amp; 0 %26amp; 2 \\ -1 %26amp; 3 %26amp; 1 \\ \end{bmatrix} \times \begin{bmatrix} 3 %26amp; 1 \\ 2 %26amp; 1 \\ 1 %26amp; 0 \\ \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} ( 1 \times 3 + 0 \times 2 + 2 \times 1) %26amp; ( 1 \times 1 + 0 \times 1 + 2 \times 0) \\ (-1 \times 3 + 3 \times 2 + 1 \times 1) %26amp; (-1 \times 1 + 3 \times 1 + 1 \times 0) \\ \end{bmatrix}

= \begin{bmatrix} 5 %26amp; 1 \\ 4 %26amp; 2 \\ \end{bmatrix}

Matrix multiplication has the following properties:

* (AB)C = A(BC) for all k-by-m matrices A, m-by-n matrices B and n-by-p matrices C ("associativity").

* (A + B)C = AC + BC for all m-by-n matrices A and B and n-by-k matrices C ("right distributivity").

* C(A + B) = CA + CB for all m-by-n matrices A and B and k-by-m matrices C ("left distributivity").

It is important to note that commutativity does not generally hold; that is, given matrices A and B and their product defined, then generally AB \ne BA.

[edit] Linear transformations, ranks and transpose

Main article: Transformation matrix

Main article: Transpose

Matrices can conveniently represent linear transformations because matrix multiplication neatly corresponds to the composition of maps, as will be described next. This same property makes them powerful data structures in high-level programming languages.

Here and in the sequel we identify Rn with the set of "columns" or n-by-1 matrices. For every linear map f : Rn → Rm there exists a unique m-by-n matrix A such that f(x) = Ax for all x in Rn. We say that the matrix A "represents" the linear map f. Now if the k-by-m matrix B represents another linear map g : Rm → Rk, then the linear map g o f is represented by BA. This follows from the above-mentioned associativity of matrix multiplication.

More generally, a linear map from an n-dimensional vector space to an m-dimensional vector space is represented by an m-by-n matrix, provided that bases have been chosen for each.

The rank of a matrix A is the dimension of the image of the linear map represented by A; this is the same as the dimension of the space generated by the rows of A, and also the same as the dimension of the space generated by the columns of A.

The transpose of an m-by-n matrix A is the n-by-m matrix Atr (also sometimes written as AT or tA) formed by turning rows into columns and columns into rows, i.e. Atr[i, j] = A[j, i] for all indices i and j. If A describes a linear map with respect to two bases, then the matrix Atr describes the transpose of the linear map with respect to the dual bases, see dual space.

We have (A + B)tr = Atr + Btr and (AB)tr = Btr Atr.

[edit] Square matrices and related definitions

A square matrix is a matrix which has the same number of rows and columns. The set of all square n-by-n matrices, together with matrix addition and matrix multiplication is a ring. Unless n = 1, this ring is not commutative.

M(n, R), the ring of real square matrices, is a real unitary associative algebra. M(n, C), the ring of complex square matrices, is a complex associative algebra.

The unit matrix or identity matrix In, with elements on the main diagonal set to 1 and all other elements set to 0, satisfies MIn=M and InN=N for any m-by-n matrix M and n-by-k matrix N. For example, if n = 3:

I_3 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 %26amp; 0 %26amp; 0 \\ 0 %26amp; 1 %26amp; 0 \\ 0 %26amp; 0 %26amp; 1 \end{bmatrix} .

The identity matrix is the identity element in the ring of square matrices.

Invertible elements in this ring are called invertible matrices or non-singular matrices. An n by n matrix A is invertible if and only if there exists a matrix B such that

AB = In ( = BA).

In this case, B is the inverse matrix of A, denoted by A−1. The set of all invertible n-by-n matrices forms a group (specifically a Lie group) under matrix multiplication, the general linear group.

If λ is a number and v is a non-zero vector such that Av = λv, then we call v an eigenvector of A and λ the associated eigenvalue. (Eigen means "own" in German and in Dutch.) The number λ is an eigenvalue of A if and only if A−λIn is not invertible, which happens if and only if pA(λ) = 0. Here pA(x) is the characteristic polynomial of A. This is a polynomial of degree n and has therefore n complex roots (counting multiple roots according to their multiplicity). In this sense, every square matrix has n complex eigenvalues.

The determinant of a square matrix A is the product of its n eigenvalues, but it can also be defined by the Leibniz formula. Invertible matrices are precisely those matrices with nonzero determinant.

The Gaussian elimination algorithm is of central importance: it can be used to compute determinants, ranks and inverses of matrices and to solve systems of linear equations.

The trace of a square matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries, which equals the sum of its n eigenvalues.

Matrix exponential is defined for square matrices, using power series.

[edit] Special types of matrices

In many areas in mathematics, matrices with certain structure arise. A few important examples are

* Symmetric matrices are such that elements symmetric about the main diagonal (from the upper left to the lower right) are equal, that is, a_{i,j}=a_{j,i} \Leftrightarrow A^\mathrm{T} = A.

* Skew-symmetric matrices are such that elements symmetric about the main diagonal are the negative of each other, that is, a_{i,j}=-a_{j,i} \Leftrightarrow A^\mathrm{T}=-A. In a skew-symmetric matrix, all diagonal elements are zero, that is, a_{i,i}=-a_{i,i}\Rightarrow a_{i,i}=0.

* Hermitian (or self-adjoint) matrices are such that elements symmetric about the diagonal are each others complex conjugates, that is, a_{i,j}=\overline{a}_{j,i} \Leftrightarrow A^\mathrm{H} = A, where \overline{z} signifies the complex conjugate of a complex number z and \,\! A^\mathrm{H} the conjugate transpose of A.

* Toeplitz matrices have common elements on their diagonals, that is, \,\! a_{i,j}=a_{i+1,j+1}.

* Stochastic matrices are square matrices whose rows are probability vectors; they are used to define Markov chains.

* A square matrix A is called idempotent if A2 = AA = A.

For a more extensive list see list of matrices.

[edit] Matrices in abstract algebra

If we start with a ring R, we can consider the set M(m,n, R) of all m by n matrices with entries in R. Addition and multiplication of these matrices can be defined as in the case of real or complex matrices (see above). The set M(n, R) of all square n by n matrices over R is a ring in its own right, isomorphic to the endomorphism ring of the left R-module Rn.

Similarly, if the entries are taken from a semiring S, matrix addition and multiplication can still be defined as usual. The set of all square n×n matrices over S is itself a semiring. Note that fast matrix multiplication algorithms such as the Strassen algorithm generally only apply to matrices over rings and will not work for matrices over semirings that are not rings.

If R is a commutative ring, then M(n, R) is a unitary associative algebra over R. It is then also meaningful to define the determinant of square matrices using the Leibniz formula; a matrix is invertible if and only if its determinant is invertible in R.

All statements mentioned in this article for real or complex matrices remain correct for matrices over an arbitrary field.

Matrices over a polynomial ring are important in the study of control theory.

[edit] History

The study of matrices is quite old. A 3-by-3 magic square appears in Chinese literature dating from as early as 650 BC.[1]

Matrices have a long history of application in solving linear equations. An important Chinese text from between 300 BC and AD 200, The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art (Chiu Chang Suan Shu), is the first example of the use of matrix methods to solve simultaneous equations. In the seventh chapter, "Too much and not enough," the concept of a determinant first appears almost 2000 years before its invention by the Japanese mathematician Seki Kowa in 1683 and the German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz in 1693.

Magic squares were known to Arab mathematicians, possibly as early as the 7th century, when the Arabs conquered northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent and learned Indian mathematics and astronomy, including other aspects of combinatorial mathematics. It has also been suggested that the idea came via China. The first magic squares of order 5 and 6 appear in an encyclopedia from Baghdad circa 983 AD, the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (Rasa'il Ihkwan al-Safa); simpler magic squares were known to several earlier Arab mathematicians.[1]

After the development of the theory of determinants by Seki Kowa and Leibniz in the late 17th century, Cramer developed the theory further in the 18th century, presenting Cramer's rule in 1750. Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Jordan developed Gauss-Jordan elimination in the 1800s.

The term "matrix" was coined in 1848 by J. J. Sylvester. Cayley, Hamilton, Grassmann, Frobenius and von Neumann are among the famous mathematicians who have worked on matrix theory.

Olga Taussky-Todd (1906-1995) used matrix theory to investigate an aerodynamic phenomenon called fluttering or aeroelasticity during WWII.

[edit] Applications

[edit] Encryption

See also: Matrix encryption

Matrices can be used to encrypt numerical data. Encryption is done by multiplying the data matrix with a key matrix. Decryption is done simply by multiplying the encrypted matrix with the inverse of the key.

[edit] Computer graphics

See also: Transformation matrix

4×4 transformation matrices are commonly used in computer graphics. The upper left 3×3 portion of a transformation matrix is composed of the new X, Y, and Z axes of the post-transformation coordinate space.

[edit] Further reading

A more advanced article on matrices is Matrix theory.

[edit] See also

* List of matrices

* Logical matrix

* Relation composition

* Matrix calculus

[edit] References

1. ^ a b Swaney, Mark. History of Magic Squares.

[edit] External links

Wikibooks

Wikibooks Algebra has a page on the topic of

Matrices

* Resources

o Matrix name and history: very brief overview, ualr.edu

o Introduction to Matrix Algebra: definitions and properties, xycoon.com

o Matrix Algebra, sosmath.com

o The Matrix Reference Manual, Imperial College

o An online textbook on Introduction to Matrix Algebra at Holistic Numerical Methods Institute

o Applied examples of matrices used in graphical game programming, Riemer's DirectX Tutorials

* Online Matrix Calculators

o easycalculation.com

o bluebit.gr

o wims.unice.fr

* Freeware

o MATRIX 2.1 Excel add-in, foxes

o MacAnova, University of Minnesota School of Statistics

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_%28...

Categories: Abstract algebra | Linear algebra | Matrices

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* Privac
Reply:First, it will help if you use some more normal terminology:

Label the elements of the matrices as:

A(n,m):

where A(1,1) = a, A(1,2) = b, A(1,3) = c, A(2,1) = d, A(2,2) =e, A(2,3) = f

B(p,q):

where B(1,1) = g, B(1,2) = h, B(2,1) = i, B(2,2) = j, B(3,1) = k, B(3,2) = l

The calculation of the product is:

AB(y,z) = Sum over x: A(y,x)B(x,z)

= A(y,1)B(1,z) + A(y,2)B(2,z) + A(y,3)B(3,z)

AB is identity matrix if and only if:

AB(1,1) = 1

AB(1,2) = 0

AB(2,1) = 0

AB(2,2) = 1

So if these 4 equations aren't all true, AB is not the identity matrix.

If you're trying to find a guarantee that you aren't going to get one, then make an arbitrary condition that will block it. For example, you could guarantee that AB(1,1) = 0 if

A(1,1) = 0 = A(1,2) = 0 = A(1,3)

Actually, a more subtle approach occurs to me: If you look at the rank of the matrices A and B, you can find more interesting ways of preventing the identity, having to do with the dimensionality of the vector space that is acted upon by these matrices. Unless A has rank 2, there's no chance. But this line of argument depends a bit more deeply on linear algebra than I can remember without some consultation.

In ancient Greece, did everyone have a unique given name?

Were people's names made up to fit them personally? I'm reading the Iliad at the moment and all of the characters have different names - there's no John A, John B and John C, it's Achilleus, Agamemnon, Menelaos, Diomedes and Glaukos, and there are no repeats! I think there's one exception - two Aiases I think? Apart from that the names go on and on...

In ancient Greece, did everyone have a unique given name?
I'm sorry to see that you are getting some rather misleading answers here.

It is not correct to say that everyone in Ancient Greece had a unique name. Much like today, there was a fairly limited number of personal names so in a large enough population you would find individuals who shared the same name.

The problem comes when you look at a text like the Iliad, of course. As one of the answers says the Iliad is not actually history, but is a story based on a core of events which might or might not be based in real events of the thirteenth century BC (the war or wars surrounding the city of Troy in north-western Turkey). As such, the names in the Iliad are somewhat exceptional. Much like Hebrew or Native American names they are often names with meanings, chosen to describe the attributes of the person they are attached to. For example, 'Glaukos' means something like 'bright' or 'shining'; 'Odysseus' means 'angry man' or 'hater' - a good name for an outstanding warrior. The Trojan prince Hector is called 'Eteokles' in the Iliad, meaning 'justly famed'. And so on.

And by the way, the answer that says that Odysseus is called something else in the Iliad is mistaken. He's called Odysseus in both!

The Greeks loved their Homer - so much that many an Ancient Greek child was given an Homeric name in the hope that they might reflect the virtues and abilities of their heroic namesake.

To complicate things a little further, it was often the case that Ancient Greek people would be born with one name and adopt another as they grew older, by picking up a kind of nickname. For example, the philosopher we know as Plato was not born with that name. His birth name was Aristocles, but he picked up the name 'Plato' (from the the Ancient Greek 'platon' meaning 'wide' or 'broad-shouldered') as he grew up, probably by his athletics tutor. So really, in calling him Plato, his contemporaries were using a nickname that meant something like 'Wideboy'!

Finally, we should remember that the archaeological record is very incomplete. We only have records of the names of a minute fraction of the people who lived in, say fifth century BC Athens. So perhaps it is not so surprising if certain names - for example the traditional names used among a few rich families who could afford to have inscriptions commissioned - seem more prevalent or survived better than others.
Reply:Yes, that's a weird habit the modern Greeks have - so all your first cousins end up named Anna or something.

and as for George....!

I blame the Bible. Everyone picks the nice names from it (when was the last time you met a Jabez or a Jezebel?)

I think the old names actually meant something and were intended reflect the owners' qualities and also bestow qualities upon them by the blessing of having the name of those qualities spoken over them every time the person's name is spoken. I like that.
Reply:The Iliad isn't a work of history, so the poet is free to vary names to avoid confusion. In real life you could have two or more people of the same name.

It is said that the Aiantes were originally a two-headed warrior, which either had been rationalised by Homer's time or he rationalised it himself.
Reply:Absolutely not. In Classical Athens it was normal to name an eldest son after his paternal grandfather, so the city was full of men called "Myron the son of Aristokles the son of Myron, the son of Aristokles the son of Myron...." etc. Younger sons were often named after an uncle, or the maternal grandfather, so in any multi-generation Athenian family you would probably get several repeated names.
Reply:Shame it isn't like that now. If u go to a greek wedding ad shout out Maria. 3 quarters of the lady guests wld stand up, including the bride! I'm so glad my mum is called Maria or she wld have named me after my dads mother, also Maria! AAGGHHHH!!!!
Reply:There were many names but there were not only for one person.
Reply:Yes.
Reply:At the time, the world population was not anywhere the size of what it is currently. Therefore, it was not necessary to repeat names of people. For example, any knowledge of American Indian tribes will show you that some tribes were allowed to pick their own unique name at some point.

Ancient Greece was the same way.
Reply:Homers Iliad's, depicts Odysseus as bearing another name and yet in the fable of the Odyssey he is known as Odysseus. There are very few repetitions of names.

Java : NoClassDefFoundError. Simple question?

E:\%26gt;c:\j2sdk1.4.2_08\bin\java -classpath e:\FileUtil.jar test xml.txt

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: test

This is my directory structure

e:\FileUtil.jar

e:\test.class

e:\xml.txt

What could be wrong? Teach me and I will grade you.

Java : NoClassDefFoundError. Simple question?
Well, what does FileUtil.jar contain? You can find out with the command:

jar tvf FileUtil.jar

But the real issue is that your classpath does not contain the directory where the test.class is. Try:

java -classpath .;e:\FileUtil.jar test xml.txt

(I only included e:\FileUtil.jar because you had it...if test.class does not depend on it, then omit it).
Reply:Hi 1st of all ur question is not clear, u didn't mentioned what are the classes present in the FileUtil.jar, also for which Class the Error is coming.

Do Yahoo e-mails get delayed for insufficient postage.?

Lately, my Yahoo e-mails have suffered 4 day delays before I get them. I have twice read e-mails to see one sent prior arrive behind those. And today, I went back and found a couple new e-mails from tuesday that weren't there last night. Not to mention that one person I write to sends numerous e-mails tat never arrive at all and violation warnings if she sends e-mails too often to my other two e-mail addresses outside Yahoo. Pretty strange! And I am relatively familiar with computers, having worked with them since 1965. Trained on the IBM PC-XT, HPs, Compaqs and Northwest to repair them at component level., familiar with machine, assembly, Fortran, C, HPL, Unix, Sun, Pascal languages and programmed with them. Has every indication e-mails are falling into exception codes or continuous loop vortexes..

Do Yahoo e-mails get delayed for insufficient postage.?
puddins reading them before you get them:)
Reply:Yeah I have noticed that as well. That's the main reason I use mainly google when e-mailing instead of Yahoo. About the only time I use Yahoo e-mail is when in Questions and answers. In fact think I have sent you a couple concerning some guns you never received.
Reply:sounds kinda fishey to me, gl figuring it out

survey research

Do people ever think that you are stuck up?

Have you ever noticed that if you are relatively quiet and stay to your self most of the time (with the exception of close friends) that other people automatically dub you as being a ********* or being stuck up. I know alot of people say that no matter what you do you can never please everyone, but I just wish that I didn't have problems with other females giving me go to h e l l looks all the time.

I always have the problem of never having a lot of femalle friends bc they always have this subconsiciou thing where they are always in competition with me, which is so damn aggravating. I even had a classmate get pissed at me bc I didn't say hi to her at college while I was passing by, but in highschool we never even chatted with each other. It's kind of like they think that I am obligated to say hi to them and get all pissed when I don't.

Do people ever think that you are stuck up?
First of all-how old are you? You sound like my daughter-and don't judge me for my age! I'm 45. I've learned (the hard way) the people that judge the most (harshest) are usually judging themselves and are not too terribly happy what they see in the "mirror". I don't have alot of female friends not too many male either. BUT the true definition of "friend" is something only you can figure out, not the one in the dictionary. I have alot of "acquaintances"but the ones that are TRUE friends are the ones here through thick and thin. There is no need to be liked by everyone you know. As long as you know and like yourself your friends will let themselves be known. I doubt this helps but I hope it does. My guess is you're between 13 %26amp; 21.
Reply:You shouldn't let those girls get to you. You are in college now and have better things to worry about. I think you should enjoy your college years and keep in touch with your close friends, because it is very easy to lose track of them with the hectic school schedule. Maybe you will outgrow your shyness. It is good to have confidence and go up to people and start a conversation. Just be yourself. Good luck!
Reply:yes, I know that feeling all too well. People have mistaken me for being stuck up because I can be relatively quiet around new people. People sometimes have to realize that it takes some people longer to warm up to certain situations. If I'm quiet, it doesn't mean I think I'm better than you but instead I may be trying to relate to the environment and the people around me so I can eventually join a conversation. Most of the time, its best to not really care what people think because I know who I am inside and noone elses opinion should matter but my own and you should think the same.

Biology Question?

Four of the five choices listed below are related by a common number. Select the exception.

a. number of nucleotides in a codon

b. number of building blocks in a nucleotide

c. number of STOP codons

d. number of types of DNA

e. number of types of RNA

Biology Question?
D

The rest are all the number 3
Reply:eh, there are actually 4 kinds of RNA; mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and snRNA, but you probably havent talked about snRNA. I'm not exactly sure what you mean by "number of types of DNA." If it means the A form, B form and Z form, then there would be 3 types of DNA.

So I guess the answer depends on if you have talked about snRNA and what you mean by "types of DNA"
Reply:b. number of building blocks in a nucleotide

So, Kobe's not gonna have the traded, then what about this?

If they get Mo Williams and Theo Papaloukas, then i don't think Kobe would want to leave again.

Look:

PG - Mo Williams (an underrated player but a bomb)

SG - Kobe Bryant (arguably the best player ever to land in NBA)

SF - Luke Walton

PF - Theo Papaloukas

C - Kwame Brown/Turiaf/Mihm

Well, that would prove to be a very quick ballclub with the exception of the centers.

What do you think?

So, Kobe's not gonna have the traded, then what about this?
I think they can get Mo Williams and that would definitely help strengethen their backcour. However, you did forget that the Lakers have Lamar Odom. What I think they could do is offer a trade of Lamar Odom, Andrew Bynum and perhaps Kwame Brown for Kevin Garnett. Perhaps they could land him and then they would definitely be a playoff contender.

Take a look now:

PG Mo Williams

SG Kobe Bryant

SF Luke Walton

PF Kevin Garnett

C Chris Mihm
Reply:Still, I'd like quick to point that Papaloukas did not sign with the Lakers and Lamar Odom better suited than Walton at SF and Chris Mihm demand 10 Mil/year salary so he won't be resigned.
Reply:I think Ko-Baby Bryant is a Human Turd.

I don't care what he does on the court or in his personal life. The kid is a cancer, selfish, and can't carry a team. Did I say that Her Highness is also overpaid?
Reply:I think Kobe should act more matured. He's agruably the best in the NBA right now...but his antics would not help rebuild the Lakers...
Reply:kobe wants to win now not develop ...
Reply:Kobe is more concerned with having "names" on his team. None of those players are superstars, a la a Garnett, or Jermaine O'Neal, so Kobe wouldn't be happy with that team. I think it has potential, not in the West though. The fact of the matter is, the Lakers are going to need a few years to rebuild the team and fix the salary cap to get Kobe what he wants... and the only trade pieces they have (Odom, Brown) can't be traded or else the team goes back to being just as bad.
Reply:i think he would still want to leave but he wont get traded this year

Are americans that brain washed that Obama Barack will never be president?

jezzzzzzzzz as if the world is colur blind, the nazi's (u.s) would never ever have a black person in high postion unless they are up to no good,as in the case of colin powel whom they used to tell lies to the u.n that iraq had 20.000 litres of anthrax as a justification for the war in iraq and also condilisa rice whom they also used so thier actions in iraq don't look racist, specialy when you look at the colour of the people they have killed in thier MILLIONS since the end of world war two. here are the FACTS (japs=hiroshima,nagasaki,korea,vietnam,c... and south america,libya,africa,middle east, all these are non white for the only exception of serbia who were the only white race and then only a handfull were killed, JUST TO TOP IT UP ADD THE MILLIONS OF BLACK SLAVES AND MASSACRES AND EXTERMINATION OF NATIVE INDIANS ONLY PROVES WHO THE REAL NAZIS ARE!

Are americans that brain washed that Obama Barack will never be president?
there will never be a black president in the u.s, just look at the american history, it says it all! The blacks only got thier rights in the late 1960's thats only 37 years ago, and as for native inidans they have been opressed since the nazi first stepped on native indian soil
Reply:all these are barbaric war crimes%26gt;%26gt;%26gt;

1)extermination and placement of native inidans in concentration camps called reservations.

2)Treatment of millions of a race of people that have been used as slaves.i.e blacks,chinese laboureres

3) sterelisations of over 100,000 blacks without thier consent

4)dropping of atomic bombs on civillian targets

5)mass use of carpet bombing on civillians and massive use of chemicals.(napalm,phospherous bombs, agent orange

6)removeing democraticaly elected leaders and replaceing with murderous tyrants,(president of panama,grenada,president of chile, iran, phillipines,etc

7) invasion of a country on lies and deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, iraq,etc etc etc,etc
Reply:people dont want to vote for him because of his views (extreme left) and because of his lack of experience. It has nothing to do with the color of his skin. He's just not a good candidate to lead this country.
Reply:Wow... you need to stop doing drugs, they rot your brain.
Reply:Every country back in those days had slaves, and had fought Natives for more land. That is how it worked since the beginning of time, every country has done it at some point.
Reply:so what's your point?
Reply:The really great thing about America is we are not forcing you to be here, live here, or stay here regardless of who may become president.

So since you hate America so much why not leave if you are here, not come if you are elsewhere, or vote to change things if you're a citizen?

And find yourself a better place to gather facts. I doubt you have any hard evidence to back up most of the propaganda you spew.
Reply:Ok somebody plz i beg of you pull his tighty whiteys out of his butt before they get severe skid marks.

survey for money

Thermo question...?

I got through just about all of the problems with the exception of this last one.

A water parcel of mass m and initial temperature 15 C falls over a waterfall that is 100m high. Calculate the change in temperature, change in specific entropy, and amount of energy per unit mass degraded during the fall.

I can calculate the change in entropy using the standard s = -dQ/dT relationship once I find the change in temperature. Where I'm actually stuck is figuring out how to calculate the change in temp. and the amount of energy degraded. Would I use the first law?

I asked this in the Physics category and someone said to use U = mgh and then to factor in the specific heat of water, but I'm not sure how I'm supposed to use that. Am I letting Q = mgh??? Then the masses would cancel and you'd get 980 = (4186)(T2-T1).

But Q is heating and U is gravitational energy. So I'm confused.

Thermo question...?
This seems to be a question about conversion of one type of energy into another. In this case, gravitational potential energy (Ep) is converted to kinetic energy (Ek), and then to thermal energy (Q).

The loss of gravitational potential energy when it falls

delta Ep = mg(delta h)

where m is the mass of the object, g is the gravitational force constant 9.81 N/kg, and delta h is the change in height, is equal to its increase in kinetic energy.

I don't really believe that the kinetic energy is entirely converted to thermal energy, but if you assume that it is,

Q = m (deltaT)c

where m is the mass of the water being heated, delta T is the change in temperature, and c is the specific heat capacity of water (4.184 J/goC)

So, if delta Ep = Q

then mg(deltah) = m (deltaT) c

and (deltaT) = g (delta h)/c

Good luck !

Thermodynamics question (temp change, entropy, energy)...?

Which statement is true about the output result of the following program?

public class PingPong {

public static synchronized void main(String[] a) {

Thread t = new Thread() {

@Override

public void run() {

pong();

}

};

t.run();

System.out.print("Ping");

}

static synchronized void pong() {

System.out.print("Pong");

}

}

a. PingPong always

b. PingPong sometimes and PongPing sometimes

c. PongPing always since it's not a multi-threaded program

d. There will be an Exception

Which statement is true about the output result of the following program?
why dont you learn java and answer it yourself
Reply:The answer is (b).

When you call t.run(), you start a new thread of execution, hence, you would have two threads in all (the new one %26amp; the main thread). A thread's behavior in most cases is unpredictable as would be here. If pong() is invoked first, Pong would be printed first, else Ping would be printed. Again, anything can happen at runtime!

The spectrum of a star shows an equivalent set of dark absorption lines to...?

... to those of the sun, but with one exception: every line appears at a slightly longer wavelength, shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. What conclusion can be drawn from this observation?

a) the star is moving rapidly toward earth

b) a cloud of dust surrounds the star and absorbs the light

c) the star is moving rapidly away from earth

d) the temperature of the star's surface is higher than that of the sun

a,b,c or d?

The spectrum of a star shows an equivalent set of dark absorption lines to...?
Look up 'Doppler shift.' Yes, you'll find the answer there.
Reply:What is the Doppler Shift, Alex?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_shi...

survey questions

This is really long, but I need help, I'm so confused?

Could someone good at math please help me?!?

1) Points A, B, C are on a line in the order ABC. What can be said about the distance AC (a) in relation to the distance AB? (b) in relation to the distances AB, BC?

2) A, B, C are points with B not on the line AC. What can be said about the distance AC in relation to the distances AB, BC?

3) Point P is in the interior of angle XOY. Does the ray with end point O and containing P lie completely in the interior of angle XOY?

4) Ray OP is in the interior of angle XOY. What can be said about angle XOY (a) in relation to angle XOP? (b) in relation to angle XOP and angle POY?

5) (a) If angle XOY is divided into two equal angles by the ray OP, what is the name given to OP? (b) If OP is the bisector of angle XOY, what is the relationship of angle XOP to angle POY?

6) How many planes are there which contain a given line i.

7) Is it true, without exception, that if P, Q, R are points contained by plane X and also by plane Y, then X is the same plane as Y?

Could someone good at math please help me?!?
oh my god, it is too confusing

sorry but i am not able to help you
Reply:1)

a)AC-AB = BC

b)AC = AB + BC
Reply:1) AC is greater than AB. AB + BC = AC.

2) AC is less than the sum of AB and BC.

3) Yes.

4) XOY is larger than XOP. XOP + POY = XOY

5) Bisector. XOP = POY

6) An infinite number.

7) No. If P, Q, and R are all points along a line, then there are an infinite number of planes which may contain them all. Three NONLINEAR points define a unique plane.
Reply:1a) AC%26gt;AB

1b) AC = AB+BC

2) AC%26lt;AB+BC

3) Yes

4a) angle XOY %26gt; angle XOP

4b) angle XOY = angle XOP+angle POY

5a) angle bisector

5b) angle XOP = angle POY

6) an infinite number

7) Yes. Three points determin a uique plane.

I'm really confused, can someone help me out here?

I met J. the first day of the semester and we became instant friends. We found out that we are alot alike, with the exception of a few things. We hang out almost every day and the days we don't hang out, we talk on the phone.

One day in another class a mutual friend of ours. H., told me that J. liked me and wanted to date me. H. had then asked me if I liked J. and I told her that I did.

A week later while hanging out with J. my friend C. had called me and asked what I was up to. I told C. that I was hanging out with J. and he said he would leave me to my date. J. saw this and asked me if I thought that was a date. I told him that I didn't. He then asked if I wanted it to be a date and I told him I didn't care. He then asked me if I liked him and I said that I did. He then told me how two of his friends, who I have met and got along with, kept bugging him to ask me out but he was too indecisive.

I'm really confused, can someone help me out here?
"My question is, Does he like me enough to date me or is it just a really close friendship? And if he does like me, why hasn’t he asked me out yet?"

My advice (and this is serious, not trying to sound sarcastic or mean or anything) is ask him those two questions, and see what happens. I doubt it could endanger even just your friendship too much, and who knows, you might end up when you want to be with him if you aren't already!

Good luck!
Reply:i did not read all but it comes down to one thing instead of relying upon other people to convey messages why not talk to each other??? --- you can then get first hand if you are both on the same wavelength --- i say all these things in hindsight --- i never had a date at school and my first serious adult relationship was intitiated by my wife ---- so i know what i did wrong and can let you know --- dont hesitate and enjoy
Reply:as i see it it the same thing thats going on with me. i know i should that my own advise buts kind of hard. you should really forget him because, i think its better to have a friend than a bf because then you break up and u dont talk to him any more and it really hurts. just.......... be his friend but if your willing to take that risk have him for sometime and then lose him, take the risk but it better to have a friend that then have an enemy.

and from another point of view. he does like you and he's just too shy to ask you out.

good luck

This is long but I need help, I'm so confused?

I met J. the first day of the college semester and we became instant friends. We found out that we are alot alike, with the exception of a few things. We hang out almost every day and the days we don't hang out, we talk on the phone.

One day in another class a mutual friend of ours. H., told me that J. told her that he liked me and wanted to date me. H. had then asked me if I liked J. and I told her that I did.

A week later while hanging out with J. my friend C. had called me and asked what I was up to. I told C. that I was hanging out with J. and he said he would leave me to my date. J. saw this and asked me if I thought that was a date. I told him that I didn't. He then asked if I wanted it to be a date and I told him I didn't care. He then asked me if I liked him and I said that I did. He then told me how two of his friends, who I have met and got along with, kept bugging him to ask me out but he was too indecisive. He then got up and sat really close to me. We flirted off

This is long but I need help, I'm so confused?
Seems like a really weird situation.

If he likes you, and he knows you like him, he should ask you out.

Maybe next he asks you if you like him, tell him the normal answer, and then ask him right back... do you like me?

Then why are we just friends

but i must say- if you have never had a boyfriend... and he already has a baby---- i would just leave it as a friendship.

everyone always wants a boyfriend when they have never had one, but once you have one, after a few months, it just seems like you have to take care of yourself plus another person.

you are too young to be with someone who already has a baby.

be young, have fun, and enjoy college.

you can always settle down later.
Reply:Over 3 months and no date? I'd say no, he doesn't want to date you.

He gets to spend as much time with you as he chooses, and he doesn't have to commit or to do anything. You are keeping him safe from making another baby though. Where is this child's mother and how do you and she get along?

He gets to monopolize all your spare time without doing anything but being casual friends, and you get nothing in return.

According to your question - you help him clean his room, you help his mother, you are probably helping with his son, not sure who the shopping was for - you don't mention one thing that he does for you or satisfaction you are deriving from this friendship.

You don't want to graduate from college after spending 4 years baby sitting someone else's child for your whole college experience and only having hung out with J.

As long as you keep up this extensive "hanging out" no one else is going to ask you out as I'm sure everyone else assumes you and J are serious.

Good luck to you. Enjoy your college years.
Reply:Be up front and just break the ice talk talk talk to J
Reply:Sounds like both and that's hard to find. To have someone care that much who is also a very good friend...I'll trade ya! :)
Reply:Wow.... felt like I was doing homework there for a second. YES!!! He likes you. Stop questioning, stop overthinking. Just kiss the guy already. If it's not what he wants he'll say so and you can still be friends... but I'm sure it's what he wants.
Reply:Wow! That was very long lol...But I think you should bring up...let me know that your not trying to rush things you just want to know....It could be just a close friendship thing and then again he could really like you and just want to take things slow....But I sure if he likes you things will work out fine just give it some time....But if this just continues and he doesn't say anything then maybe like I said before it could just be a close friendship thing

surveys

Trying to figure out alot of things(colleges,majors,careers...

Just finished my sophomore year of high school a couple of weeks ago.My current GPA is 3.33.I can take an extra class this summer to raise that GPA a little + my Junior year.And I'm currently prepping for the SAT in the fall.That GPA is weighted because I'm taking AP and Honors courses but most of my grades are B's and C's.Looking at my transcript my strong point is History(A in H World History and A in AP European History) and the Life Sciences(A in Biology).But i'm not interested in any career or major involving these courses.I like numbers and working with computers so I was thinking of computer and/or software engineering...but I'm not good at math(C's) and I've yet to take a physics class.Lastly I live in CA so most likely i'll be applying to a CSU or UC school with the exception of the University of Washington.What are my chances?Are they good?Bad?I'm involved in extracurriculars but minimally active (involved with 2 charities/service clubs +a peer helping program)

Trying to figure out alot of things(colleges,majors,careers...
Have you spoken to your school counselor about helping you to discover a dream career? You can also go to www.eureka.org and look for direction there. You seem to be a very well rounded student. Have you though of teaching? You could be a Mathmatics instructor. Eureka.org does require a site code. You can get your site code from your school counselor. I have no way to share my site code with just you and not the world.... Sorry.

As for your chances of getting accepted into the CSU or UC systems, I think you have a reasonably good chance of getting in. Just keep working hard and taking all the AP classes you can. They help. Be sure to stay involved in your charities/clubs as well. You need to be a well rounded student.

Sorry everyone, but Iraq did go uranium shopping in Niger?

Sorry everyone, but Iraq did go uranium shopping in Niger.

In the late 1980s, the Iraqi representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency—Iraq's senior public envoy for nuclear matters, in effect—was a man named Wissam al-Zahawie. After the Kuwait war in 1991, when Rolf Ekeus arrived in Baghdad to begin the inspection and disarmament work of UNSCOM, he was greeted by Zahawie, who told him in a bitter manner that "now that you have come to take away our assets," the two men could no longer be friends. (They had known each other in earlier incarnations at the United Nations in New York.)

At a later 1995 U.N. special session on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Zahawie was the Iraqi delegate and spoke heatedly about the urgent need to counterbalance Israel's nuclear capacity. At the time, most democratic countries did not have full diplomatic relations with Saddam's regime, and there were few fully accredited Iraqi ambassadors overseas, Iraq's interests often being represented by the genocidal Islamist government of Sudan (incidentally, yet another example of collusion between "secular" Baathists and the fundamentalists who were sheltering Osama Bin Laden). There was one exception—an Iraqi "window" into the world of open diplomacy—namely the mutual recognition between the Baathist regime and the Vatican. To this very important and sensitive post in Rome, Zahawie was appointed in 1997, holding the job of Saddam's ambassador to the Holy See until 2000. Those who knew him at that time remember a man much given to anti-Jewish tirades, with a standing ticket for Wagner performances at Bayreuth. (Actually, as a fan of Das Rheingold and Götterdämmerung in particular, I find I can live with this. Hitler secretly preferred sickly kitsch like Franz Lehar.)

In February 1999, Zahawie left his Vatican office for a few days and paid an official visit to Niger, a country known for absolutely nothing except its vast deposits of uranium ore. It was from Niger that Iraq had originally acquired uranium in 1981, as confirmed in the Duelfer Report. In order to take the Joseph Wilson view of this Baathist ambassadorial initiative, you have to be able to believe that Saddam Hussein's long-term main man on nuclear issues was in Niger to talk about something other than the obvious. Italian intelligence (which first noticed the Zahawie trip from Rome) found it difficult to take this view and alerted French intelligence (which has better contacts in West Africa and a stronger interest in nuclear questions). In due time, the French tipped off the British, who in their cousinly way conveyed the suggestive information to Washington. As everyone now knows, the disclosure appeared in watered-down and secondhand form in the president's State of the Union address in January 2003.

If the above was all that was known, it would surely be universally agreed that no responsible American administration could have overlooked such an amazingly sinister pattern. Given the past Iraqi record of surreptitious dealing, cheating of inspectors, concealment of sites and caches, and declared ambition to equip the technicians referred to openly in the Baathist press as "nuclear mujahideen," one could scarcely operate on the presumption of innocence.

However, the waters have since become muddied, to say the least. For a start, someone produced a fake document, dated July 6, 2000, which purports to show Zahawie's signature and diplomatic seal on an actual agreement for an Iraqi uranium transaction with Niger. Almost everything was wrong with this crude forgery—it had important dates scrambled, and it misstated the offices of Niger politicians. In consequence, IAEA Chairman Mohammed ElBaradei later reported to the U.N. Security Council that the papers alleging an Iraq-Niger uranium connection had been demonstrated to be fraudulent.

But this doesn't alter the plain set of established facts in my first three paragraphs above. The European intelligence services, and the Bush administration, only ever asserted that the Iraqi regime had apparently tried to open (or rather, reopen) a yellowcake trade "in Africa." It has never been claimed that an agreement was actually reached. What motive could there be for a forgery that could be instantly detected upon cursory examination?

There seem to be only three possibilities here. Either a) American intelligence concocted the note; b) someone in Italy did so in the hope of gain; or c) it was the product of disinformation, intended to protect Niger and discredit any attention paid to the actual, real-time Zahawie visit. The CIA is certainly incompetent enough to have fouled up this badly. (I like Edward Luttwak's formulation in the March 22 Times Literary Supplement, where he writes that "there have been only two kinds of CIA secret operations: the ones that are widely known to have failed—usually because of almost unbelievably crude errors—and the ones that are not yet widely known to have failed.") Still, it almost passes belief that any American agency would fake a document that purportedly proved far more than the administration had asked and then get every important name and date wrapped round the axle. Forgery for gain is easy to understand, especially when it is borne in mind that nobody wastes time counterfeiting a bankrupt currency. Forgery for disinformation, if that is what it was, appears at least to have worked. Almost everybody in the world now affects to believe that Saddam Hussein was framed on the Niger rap.

According to the London Sunday Times of April 9, the truth appears to be some combination of b) and c). A NATO investigation has identified two named employees of the Niger Embassy in Rome who, having sold a genuine document about Zahawie to Italian and French intelligence agents, then added a forged paper in the hope of turning a further profit. The real stuff went by one route to Washington, and the fakery, via an Italian journalist and the U.S. Embassy in Rome, by another. The upshot was—follow me closely here—that a phony paper alleging a deal was used to shoot down a genuine document suggesting a connection.

Zahawie's name and IAEA connection were never mentioned by ElBaradei in his report to the United Nations, and his past career has never surfaced in print. Looking up the press of the time causes one's jaw to slump in sheer astonishment. Here, typically, is a Time magazine "exclusive" about Zahawie, written by Hassan Fattah on Oct. 1, 2003:

The veteran diplomat has spent the eight months since President Bush's speech trying to set the record straight and clear his name. In a rare interview with Time, al-Zahawie outlined how forgery and circumstantial evidence was used to talk up Iraq's nuclear weapons threat, and leave him holding the smoking gun.

A few paragraphs later appear, the wonderful and unchallenged words from Zahawie: "Frankly, I didn't know that Niger produced uranium at all." Well, sorry for the inconvenience of the questions, then, my old IAEA and NPT "veteran" (whose nuclear qualifications go unmentioned in the Time article). Instead, we are told that Zahawie visited Niger and other West African countries to encourage them to break the embargo on flights to Baghdad, as they had broken the sanctions on Qaddafi's Libya. A bit of a lowly mission, one might think, for one of the Iraqi regime's most senior and specialized envoys.

The Duelfer Report also cites "a second contact between Iraq and Niger," which occurred in 2001, when a Niger minister visited Baghdad "to request assistance in obtaining petroleum products to alleviate Niger's economic problems." According to the deposition of Ja'far Diya' Ja'far (the head of Iraq's pre-1991 nuclear weapons program), these negotiations involved no offer of uranium ore but only "cash in exchange for petroleum." West Africa is awash in petroleum, and Niger is poor in cash. Iraq in 2001 was cash-rich through the oil-for-food racket, but you may if you wish choose to believe that a near-bankrupt African delegation from a uranium-based country traveled across a continent and a half with nothing on its mind but shopping for oil.

Interagency feuding has ruined the Bush administration's capacity to make its case in public, and a high-level preference for deniable leaking has further compounded the problem. But please read my first three paragraphs again and tell me if the original story still seems innocuous to you.

Sorry everyone, but Iraq did go uranium shopping in Niger?
You should pass this on to George Bush so he can hold it up at a press conference. Look at all the trouble it has caused him. What right wing site did you copy that from?

Zahawie

Isn't this the guy who has been shown to be a pathological liar? Pretty sure. He is the one who was feeding the Bush administration enough BS to fill yankee stadium.

Give me strength. Sorry this is complete BS.
Reply:sadam also owned news week magazine

and your point is?
Reply:Yeah well, Rumsfeld and Cheney pushed the shopping cart for them in the 1980s.
Reply:So what is you point?
Reply:show your proof....OOOHHHH you have none just a bunch of words stuck together......NEXT LOAD OF CRAP
Reply:Whoa! You didn't have to go to all this trouble to prove it to me. I already knew it to be true--and you'll never convince the libs that it is.
Reply:So does that justify us going to war were we really afraid of a country the size of Iraq . I was all for going after the terrorist behind 9/11/01 but they were in Afghanistan and are now hiding in Pakistan, so Iraq wasn't obeying their treaties, how about Iran, Korea, who decided we should be watch dogs over the whole world. I voted for Bush and I support our troops but I think the war in Iraq was a lack of good judgement.